Notes for final

Form Epics start in the middle of things
Books 1-4 Climax- when Odysseus wipes everyone out, Book 22
5-8 Resolution- When Athena tells them to be at peace
9-12 Problem in the book- Suitors are in Odysseus's house
13- 16 -Odysseus can't get home to straighten things out
17- 20 - Inciting event- When Odysseus taunts the Cyclops
21- 24

Names to know
Agammenon- a king who fought in the trojan war and was killed by his wife and cousin when he got home. Agammenon is in hades when Odysseus goes down there
Achille- He is the greatest warrior in the Trojan war but is killed after his achilles heel is hurt. Odyseus sees him in hades and he tells odysseus that he would much rather be a live
Aigisthos- Agammenon's cousin, symbol of disloyal, kills agammenon wiht the help of agammenon's wife. Then he is killed by agammenons son
Helen- Queen of Sparta, we is beautiful and we meet her in the foruth book
Menelaus- King of sparta, Telemachos goes to him to ask of Odysseues becuase Menelaus fought with Odysseus in the Trojan war
Aias (Ajax) - he was one of the next greatest warriors after achilles and he killed himself after he killed a lot of pigs
Orestes - Son of Agammenon, he avengece his fathers death
Nestor - King of Pylos, fought with Odysseus in the Trojan war
Mentor an old family friend of Odysseus , but Athena is usually in the form of his body
Nausicaa - Princes of the Phoniciens, gives Odysseus advice on how to get help from the king
Alcinoos (King of Phocncias), sails Odysseus home and gives him tons of riches, he takes Odysseus in for the night
Arete - Queen of the Phoniciens and Odysseus sucks up to her so that Alcinoos will like him
Eumaios - He is the faithful swineherder that is really a prince but was kidnapped from his home, he helps Odysseus, takes him in and feeds him
Theoclymenos - the seer that telemachos brings back from pylos, he predicts that Odysseus will be ack and kill everyone so he leaves
Melanthios - he is a goatherder but also a suitor that is rude t Odyseus wen he is an old man
Eurycleia - The faithful old maid that took care of Odysseus when he was a boy. She is one of the first to find out who Odysseus is when he is an old man
Amphinomos - He is a suitor that doesn't want to kill Telemachos but is killed in the end
Telemachos - 20 year old son of Odysseus
Laertes - Odysseus's father
Penelope - Queen of Itahca, and Odysseus's husband
Antinoos - He is one of the leaders of the suitors and is killed first
Eurymachos- he is the second leader of the suitors and he is a convincing and quick thinking talker
Lotus- Eaters A grou of people Odysseus runs into on his voyage home, they give the crew berries which makes them not want to continue with Odysseus
Ciconians - The are the people that Odysseus and his crew slay right after they leave Troy
Polyphemos - the cyclops that eats six men and Odysseus forms a plan that he blinds the Cyclops and gets out on the sheep
Scylla - six headed monster that eats six crew members, circe warns him about her
Charybdis- a whirl pool that sinks most every ship that tries to cross it
Aiolos - God of the winds
Elphenar - a crew memeber of Odysseus that falls off the roof of circe's and dies. Odysseus sees him in Hades and is told to go burry him Eurylochos
Tityo - a gaint in Hades thats liver is eaten by vultures over and over again
Tantalos - He is a son of zeus and the nymph pluuto who lives in the lowest leave of hades, he is alway thirsty and he stands in a pond up to his shoulders but when he goes to take a drink the water disappears
Sisyphos He is in Hades and he pushes a boulder up a hill and right before he reaches the top and pushes it over the top the boulder becomes to heavy and falls back to the bottom of the hill
Circe a with like women who turns some of Odyseeus's men in to pigs. They stay at her house for a year
Teirecsians - He is a blind man in HAdes that Odysseus is told to go see. Teirecsians tells them not to eat the sun god's cows or they will all be killed but him
Drover( find out his man)
Breaking up names to remember ( Monsters, Suitors, Servants ( good vs bad) Troy/ backstage,people from travels) (good hospitality vs bad hospitality)
Themes
Loyalty
Hospitality
Pride/ arrogance
Coming of age (Telemachos)
Motifs
Story telling- how you get to know each other is through stories
Troy
Agammenoa/ Clytainmaestra
*Gods
Forgetting/ Seductresses
Symbols
Birds
Hades- living is so much more important
The Wound

Motifs- Birds, The Wound, Hades

Birds, Hades and Odysseus's wound are metioned often in this book, but what do thes motifs mean? A question pondered by many an in this paper I will tell you, to my understanding, what they mean.
First I will start with the motif of Birds. Birds happen to be mentioned quite often in The Odyssey, from the second book when the eagle flew over everyones' head, through book 22 when the drover, swinherd, Odysseus and telemachos are compared to as vultures. These birds can mean many things but I interpert them as a symbol vengance and death and future prophecies coming true. most the time the symbol is a great bird which killing or scarying something, and they always show up when a prophcy is made, showing that prophecy will come true. An example for both would be when penelopeia sees an eagle killing her geese. the geese are the suitors, the eagle is Odysseus and it shows the Prophecy of Odyesseus coming back.

The second Motif thatis mentioned quite a bit towards the end of the book is Odysseus's wound. I beleive this motif is to represent the past, rememberace and an identity. I say this because how he got the wound is a past memory. The wound is how he is identified by everyone in this book that doesn't beleive he is himself. Also the old maid only realizes it is him because of the scar, even when he is disgised as an old man. It's to show he is still himself even though he has been gone for many years.

The final and hardest to interpert motif is Hades. To me, Hades is a symbol of differences and ending. Everyone down there is dead. The book ends there and when Odysseus goes down there in the middle of the book he learns of the end of his mother's and Agammenon's lifes. It is the difference between the people living in Odysseus's world and the people in Hades in Loyality, at the end of the book. Everyone who lives on Earth are those that where loyal to Odysseus and those below are down there because of disloyality. the maids, Suitors, and Aggamenons because of the disloyality of his wife and cousin.

Book 20

Characters: Odysseus, Eurynome, Athena, Zeus, weakest barely grinder, Eurycleia, Melanthios, Philoitios, drover, Amphinomos, Philoitois, Melanthios, Antinoos, Ctesippos, Agelaos Damastorides, Theoclymenos, Eurymachos.

What this book was about: It was the morning and everyone is getting together to eat. Theoclymenos tells them he is leaving because everyone here will die, Outside people are worshipping Apollo, they sat down to eat breakfast.

Theme: Hospitality

Important: this book is still a build up to the finally fight, and it is the start of the feast during which the battles will start.

Birds- motif of Omens

Book 19

Characters: Eurycleia, Odysseus, Athena, Telemachos, Melantho, Eurynome, Penelopeia, Autolycos, Amphithea.

Themes: Loyalty

What this chapter was about: Odysseus talks to Penelopeia, Eurycleia finds out that the stranger is Odysseus

Important: We see how loyal and sad Penelopeia is and Eurycleia know her master is back, Build up to the fight.

Book 18

What this chapter is about: Odysseus fights Iros (the town beggar), Penelopia came down stairs and all the suitors gave her gifts, Eurymachos gets mad at Odysseus and throws a car at him.

Characters: Iros, Antinoos, Amphinomos, Telemachos, Eurynome, Antinoe, Hippodameia, Eurymachos, Athena, Eurydamas, Melantho.

Themes: Hospitality

Why it's important: It shows how mean and unhospital the suitors are and makes you made at them more.

Book 17

Themes- hospitality, Loyalty

What happens- Telemachos goes home; Odysseus goes home with the swineherder and they eat dinner at his house. Odysseus's dog dies. Odyssesus is told to go around a beg. Antnioos is rude.

Characters- Odysseus, Eumaios, Telemachos, Dawn, Athena, Eurycleia, Penelopeia, Peiraios, Theoclymenos, Melanthios o' Dolios, Argos Antinoos, Eurynome,

Why this book is important- Odysseus finally goes to his house to start the scheme to kill the suitors

Book 16

13-16 unit
Odysseus and Telemachos returns home
Introduction to swineherder
Swinehereder Vs. Maid who sold him into slavery
The plan of Odysseus and Telemachos
Plans of the suitors
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Book 16
Odysseus, Eumaios, Telemachos
Odysseus/ Telemachos
Eurymachos, Antinoos, Amphinomos
Penelope's reply to the suitors
Know Odyseeus's/Telemachos plan
Know the suitors plan

Book 15 and while fielding is away

Blogs- by book
* Keep track of characters
* Summary of events
* Why the book is important
* Connect to a Major Theme
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Book 15
Theoclymenos- Fortune teller who was banned from his home land (Plyos) because he killed a man of his own kin, so Telemachos gave him a ride

Swine herder- a prince, his story shows a example of disloyalty

Book 14

Themes- Hospitality and Loyalty

Eumaios- Odysseus's swineherder, very loyal

Book 12

Sirens- A siren is a character in classical Greek mythology, half women, Sing a song the kills mean

Scylla- Six headed monster that will eat six men

Charybdis- whirl pool that sallows three times a day

Thrinacia- island if the god, Helios

The Storm of Zeus- kills all the men but Odysseus

Themes: Loyalty, Leadership, Hospitality

Odysseus:
Purpose:
1.) To tell why and how Odysseus spent ten years to return home
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Rest of the book
2.) To discuss how Odysseus sets his house right.
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Monsters of forgetfullness:
* Lotus Eaters
* Circe
* Sirens

Book 11: Odyssey in the kingdom of the dead

Themes: Honor and Honoring the Dead; Life vs. Death; Horros of the Afterlife; The evil of Drink
Characters: Odysseus, Elpenor, Teiresias, Anticleia- his mother, Agamemnon, Achilles, Tityos, Tantalos, Sisyphos, and Heracules.

Summary:
Following Circe's directions Odyssey and his crew reach the river of Oceanos near the city of Cimmerian, whihc is wrapped in mist and clouds. There, Odysseus prepares the sacrifices that will draw the dead to him. Note: honey, milk, wine, water, and white barely meal and finally blood. It is the blood that gives the ghosts memory, all except Teirsesias who retains his memory from life.

One of the first ghosts Odysseus encounters is Elpenor. Elpenor is one of his crew who got drunk and fell off Circe's roof and broke his neck. He reinforces the evil of drink/ drugs motif but he has also been left unburied. He asks Odysseus to honor his body and bury him upon his return to Aiaia.

Teiresias steps forward, and tells Odysseus that he and his crew may reach home if they don't hurt the cattle and sheep of Helios (the sun god). Particularly, he sayd that Odysseus must "control" his men. If they do hurt the cattle and sheep, Odysseus will arrive home late in a stranger's boat and to a house full of suitors.

Anticleia, Odysseus's mother then tells Odysseus how she died- grief for her son. He tries to hug her but he cannot because she is a shade.

Long lines of women march through his sight, each with their share of grief, love, and misery.

Agamemnon comes and tells the story of his murder, his butchered or slaughter at the dinner table ( contrast with Euripdes), the shriek of Cassandra, and the shameful death. He asks about his son Orestes.

Achillies- in a very anti- heroic wiew of him mocks Odysseus and claims: " Don't bepraise death to me. I would rather be a plowman to a yeoman farmer on a small holding than lord Paramount of the kingdom of the Dead.

Ajax (Aias)- ignores Odysseus's pleads an forgiveness, kills himself because he killed a bunch of pigs. Second greatest warrior after Achillese. Fights Odysseus for Achillese armor

The horrors of Hades:
Tityos- who has two vultures tear out his liver and eat it again and again for all eternity.
Tantalos- who stands in a lake up to his chin and is always thirsty. When he tilts his head to drink the water drains away.
Sisyphos- who pushes a great rock up a hill and as soon as he gets it near the top the rock rolls back down and he starts over.
Hercules- who is surrounded by ghosts twittering and gibbering like birds. He has his bow forever cocked ready to shoot.